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Investigation and TSCM glossary
Plain explanations of the technical and legal terms used in reports and calls.
Acoustic leakage
Speech passing to another space through walls, doors or ventilation.
Asset search
Researching a debtor's property, vehicles and company holdings visible in public records.
Chain of custody
The record showing who collected a piece of evidence, when, and how it was kept until court.
Counter-surveillance
Regular checks and behaviours aimed at finding out whether you are being followed.
Custody
A parent's rights and duties for a minor child's care, education and representation.
Digital forensics
Examining and reporting data on digital devices while preserving its evidential value.
Due diligence
Examining a company's or person's business history, reputation and risks from public sources.
Explicit consent
Consent given freely, for a specific matter, on the basis of information.
GPS tracker
A device that determines the location of a vehicle or object and usually transmits it by GSM.
GSM bug
A SIM-based device that silently opens a line to the room when called, or reports its position.
Heir tracing
Identifying and locating a person's legal heirs.
Hidden camera
A camera concealed so it goes unnoticed, often transmitting video over Wi-Fi.
Internal theft
An employee unlawfully taking the employer's goods or information.
KVKK
Turkey's Personal Data Protection Law No. 6698.
NLJD
Non-linear junction detector. Finds objects containing electronic circuits, even when switched off, inside walls or furniture.
Non-disclosure agreement (NDA)
A contract ensuring that information learned during the work is not shared with third parties.
Optical lens detection
A sweep that exploits the way hidden camera lenses reflect light.
OSINT
Open-source intelligence. Collecting and analysing information from publicly available sources.
Personal data
Any information relating to an identified or identifiable person. Protected under the KVKK.
RF (radio frequency)
Electromagnetic signals emitted by radios, GSM, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Many bugs transmit on RF.
Service address
The address where court and official papers are delivered. If it cannot be found the legal process can stall.
Spectrum analyser
A measuring instrument that displays surrounding RF signals and reveals unusual transmissions.
Stalkerware
Software secretly installed on a phone to monitor location, messages and calls.
Surveillance report
A written report with the times, places, photos, video and findings from an observation.
Sweep
Inspecting a space, vehicle or device for listening and monitoring equipment.
Thermal imaging
Imaging that reveals running electronics and concealed wiring from heat differences.
Timestamp
A reliable record of the date and time a recording was made.
TSCM
Technical surveillance countermeasures. A systematic technical sweep to find listening, recording and tracking devices.
Unlawfully obtained evidence
Evidence gained by unlawful means. A court may disregard it and liability may arise.
Voice recorder
A small device that records speech and often does not transmit. It may not show up in an RF sweep.
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Related pages
TSCM: technical bug detection
Measurement, not guesswork, tells you whether you are bugged.
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Legal framework: what we do and do not do
This page states our limits plainly, because information obtained unlawfully can turn against you rather than help you.
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Evidence gathering and reporting
Information is evidence only if it can be used in court.
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